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The early timeline of Nazism begins with its origins and continues until Hitler's rise to power. == Prehistory of National Socialism == *1834: The term "Nationalsozialismus" first appears in print, in ''Börsenblatt für den deutschen Buchhandel'' on page 36. *1841: German economist Friedrich List's ''Das Nationale System der Politischen Ökonomie'' (National System of Political Economy) is published, espousing settlement farming and agricultural expansion eastwards along with economic industrialization manipulated by the state, and the establishment of a German-dominated European economic sphere as part of the solution to Germany's economic woes (predecessor ideas to Nazi imperialism).〔Woodruff Smith, ''The Ideological Origins of Nazi Imperialism'' (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), pp. 30-31, 36, 78-79.〕 *1856: French aristocrat and author, Arthur de Gobineau, publishes his ''Treatise on the Inequality of Human Races'' in which he divides the human species into three races, black, white, and yellow; arguing therein that racial distinctions form a clear and natural genetic barrier of sorts. Gobineau also wrote that racial mixing would lead to chaos. While not an anti-Semite, his work is often characterized as philosemitic (since he wrote positively about the Jews), but it is still considered an early manifestation of scientific racism. Historian Joachim C. Fest, in his seminal biography entitled, ''Hitler'', claims that Arthur de Gobineau's negative views on race mixing influenced Hitler and thereby, the ideology of National Socialism.〔Joachim Fest, ''Hitler'' (Orlando, FL.: Harcourt, 2002), pp. 210-211.〕 *1870: The term "National Socialism" first appears in English, in "The sects of the Russian Church", ''The North British Review'', Volumes 52-53. *1878: Founding year of the anti-Semitic Christian Social Worker's Party by Adolf Stoecker. *1884: "National Socialism" is mentioned in "Fabian Tracts", Fabian Publications, Great Britain. *1888: German jurist and international law reformer, Franz von Liszt argues that criminal characteristics are innate as opposed to being determined by a person's social environment and coins the term, ''Kriminalbiologie'' (Criminal Biology),〔Anton Weiss-Wendt and Rory Yeomans, eds., ''Racial Science in Hitler's New Europe, 1938-1945'' (Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2013), p. 6.〕 a theory which renders criminals incapable of rehabilitation and would later influence Nazi anthropologists and racial hygiene proponents in their justification for sterilization and euthanasia. *20 April 1889: Adolf Hitler born at Braunau am Inn, Austria. *1891: Formation of Pan-German League ; Wilhelm Schallmayer publishes a treatise on eugenics, espousing that the neglect of a nation's racial fitness could have negative political consequences for a state. *1895: Alfred Ploetz coins the term ''Rassenhygiene'' (Racial Hygiene). *1896: The Czech National Social Party is formed. *1897: Franko Stein moves a small periodical ''Der Hammer'' from Vienna to Eger. *May 1898: Maurice Barrès, while standing as a nationalist candidate for Nancy, France, coins the term "Socialist Nationalism". *1898: German Workers Congress is organized by Stein in Eger (Cheb). *1899: Houston Stewart Chamberlain writes ''Die Grundlagen des Neunzehnten Jahrhunderts'' (The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century), a work which influenced many prominent Nazis. Ludwig Woltmann also publishes a tract asserting the superiority of Germanic people and promotes the need for additional ''Lebensraum'' (living space). *April 1902: Organization of Nationalistic Labor takes place in Saaz. *15 November 1903: Deutsche Arbeiterpartei in Österreich is formed. (DAP) *1904: Hans Knirsch proposes to add "National Socialist" to the Austrian DAP name, but the proposal is rejected by party congress conferees. *1905: Racial Hygiene Society founded by Alfred Ploetz. *1909: An "All-Austrian" congress of the German Workers’ Party is held in Prague. *1912: Controversial book, ''Wenn ich der Kaiser wär'' (If I were the emperor) by Heinrich Class appears, a work which promotes imperialism, rife with Pan-Germanism and antisemitic commentary. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Early timeline of Nazism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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